Icandelo 1 -Ukusebenza okubandayofaintsimbi
Intsimbi esebenzayo ebandayo ibandakanya imibundo yokuvelisa i-punching kunye nokusika (i-blanking kunye nokubethelwa i-molds, ukubumba, ukubumba, iipuntshi, izikere), ukubumba okubanda okubandayo, i-extrusion molds ebandayo, i-molds yokugoba, kunye ne-wire drawing molds, njl.
1. Iimeko zokusebenza kunye neemfuno zokusebenza zomsebenzi obandayointsimbi yokufa
Ngethuba lokusebenza kokusebenza okubandayointsimbi yokufa, ngenxa yokumelana okuphezulu kwe-deformation yezinto ezicutshungulwayo, indawo esebenzayo yokungunda ithwele uxinzelelo olukhulu, amandla okugoba, amandla empembelelo, kunye namandla okubetha.Ke ngoko, isizathu esiqhelekileyo sokukrazula ukubumba okubandayo okusebenzayo ngokuqhelekileyo kungenxa yokuguga nokukrazula.Kukho neemeko apho zisilela kwangaphambi kwexesha ngenxa yokuphuka, amandla okuwa, kunye nokuguqulwa okugqithise ukunyamezela.
Xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi yokusika, umsebenzi obandayointsimbi yokufazininzi ezifanayo.Isikhunta siyafuneka ukuba sibe nobunzima obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba, amandla aphezulu okugoba, kunye nokuqina okwaneleyo ukuqinisekisa inkqubela phambili egudileyo yenkqubo yesitampu.Umahluko ulele kwimilo eyinkimbinkimbi kunye nokucubungula iteknoloji yesikhunta, kunye nommandla omkhulu wokungqubuzana kunye nethuba eliphezulu lokugqoka, okwenza kube nzima ukulungisa nokugaya.Ngoko ke, ukuxhathisa okuphezulu kokunxiba kuyafuneka.Xa isikhunta sisebenza, sithwala uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-punching kwaye luthambekele ekugxininiseni uxinzelelo ngenxa yobume bayo obuyinkimbinkimbi, ngoko lufuna ubunzima obuphezulu;Umngundo unobungakanani obukhulu kunye nemilo entsonkothileyo, ngoko ke ifuna ukuqina okuphezulu, i-deformation encinci, kunye nokuthambekela kokuqhekeka.Ngamafutshane, iimfuno zokuqina, ukumelana nokunxiba, kunye nokuqina komsebenzi obandayointsimbi yokufaziphezulu kunezo zentsimbi yokusika izixhobo.Nangona kunjalo, iimfuno zobunzima obubomvu ziphantsi okanye azifuneki ngokusisiseko (kuba zenziwe kwindawo ebandayo), ngoko ke amanye amabakala entsimbi alungele ukubumba okubandayo aye aqulunqwa, njengophuhliso lokumelana nokunxiba okuphezulu, ukuguqulwa kwe-micro. umsebenzi obandayointsimbi yokufakunye nokuqina okuphezulu komsebenzi obandayointsimbi yokufa.
2. Ukukhetha ibakala lentsimbi
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngokwemiqathango yokusetyenziswa kwesikhunta esibandayo, ukhetho lwamabakala ensimbi lunokwahlulwa ngokwezi meko zine zilandelayo:
①Cisikhunta esidala esisebenzayo esinobukhulu obuncinci, imilo elula, kunye nomthwalo olula.
Ngokomzekelo, iipuni ezincinci kunye nezikere zokusika iiplate zetsimbi zingenziwa nge-carbon tool steels ezifana ne-T7A, T8A, T10A, kunye ne-T12A.Iingenelo zolu hlobo lwentsimbi zi;Ukuqhubekeka okuhle, ixabiso eliphantsi, kunye nomthombo olula.Kodwa iintsilelo zayo zezi: ukuqina okuphantsi, ukunganyangeki kokunxiba, kunye ne-deformation enkulu yokucima.Ke ngoko, ifanelekile kuphela kwizixhobo zokuvelisa ezinobungakanani obuncinci, iimilo ezilula, kunye nemithwalo elula, kunye nokubunjwa okubandayo okusebenzayo okudinga ukuqina okuphantsi kunye nokuqina okuphezulu.
② Ukubumba okubandayo okusebenzayo kunye nemilinganiselo emikhulu, imilo enzima, kunye nemithwalo elula.
Iindidi zentsimbi ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka izixhobo eziphantsi zokusika izixhobo zensimbi ezifana ne-9SiCr, i-CrWMn, i-GCr15, kunye ne-9Mn2V.Idayamitha yokucima ezi ntsimbi kwioyile inokufikelela ngokubanzi ngaphezulu kwe-40mm.Phakathi kwabo, intsimbi ye-9Mn2V luhlobo lomsebenzi obandayointsimbi yokufaiphuhliswe e-China kwiminyaka yakutshanje engaqulathanga i-Cr.Inokutshintsha okanye ithathe indawo yentsimbi equlathe i-Cr.
I-carbide heterogeneity kunye nokucima ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka kwensimbi ye-9Mn2V incinci kuneyentsimbi ye-CrWMn, kwaye ukuthambekela kwe-decarburization kuncinci kune-9SiCr yensimbi, ngelixa ukuqina kukhulu kunoko kwensimbi yensimbi ye-carbon.Ixabiso layo lingaphezulu kwe-30% ephezulu kuneyokugqibela, ngoko ke ibakala lentsimbi elifanele ukukhuthaza kunye nokusetyenziswa.Nangona kunjalo, intsimbi ye-9Mn2V nayo inezithintelo ezithile, ezinjengokuqina kwempembelelo ephantsi kunye nesiganeko sokuqhekeka esifumaneka kwimveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa.Ukongeza, uzinzo lobushushu alilunganga, kwaye ubushushu bobushushu bungagqithi kwi-180 ℃.Xa ubushushu be-200 ℃, amandla okugoba kunye nokuqina kuyaqala ukubonisa amaxabiso aphantsi.
Intsimbi ye-9Mn2V inokucinywa ekucimeni imidiya kunye nomthamo opholileyo wokupholisa njenge-nitrate kunye neoli eshushu.Kwezinye iimolds ezineemfuno ezingqongqo zoguquko kunye neemfuno zobulukhuni obuphantsi, i-austenitic isothermal quenching ingasetyenziswa.
③ Ukubumba okubandayo okusebenzayo okunemilinganiselo emikhulu, iimilo ezinzima, kunye nemithwalo enzima.
Kufuneka kusetyenziswe i-alloy ephakathi okanye i-high alloy steel, njenge-Cr12Mo, i-Crl2MoV, i-Cr6WV, i-Cr4W2MoV, njl njl. Ukongeza, i-high-speed steel ingasetyenziswa kwakhona.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umkhuba wokusebenzisa isinyithi esinesantya esiphezulu njengoko ubumba obubandayo obusebenza bukhula, kodwa kufuneka kucaciswe ukuba ngeli xesha, akusekho ukusetyenziswa kwamandla abomvu abomvu obunzima bentsimbi ephezulu, kodwa kunoko ubunzima bayo obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba okuphezulu.Ngoko ke, kufuneka kubekho ukungafani kwinkqubo yonyango lokushisa.
Xa usebenzisa isinyithi esinesantya esiphezulu njengesingundo esibandayo, ukucima ubushushu obuphantsi kufuneka kusetyenziswe ukuphucula ukuqina.Umzekelo, ubushushu obuqhelekileyo bokucima iW18Cr4V izixhobo zokusika intsimbi yi-1280-1290 ℃.Xa usenza imingundo ebandayo, kufuneka kusetyenziswe ukucima ubushushu obuphantsi kwi-1190 ℃.Omnye umzekelo yintsimbi ye-W6Mo5Cr4V2.Ngokusebenzisa ukucima ubushushu obuphantsi, ubomi benkonzo bunokuphuculwa kakhulu, ngakumbi ngokunciphisa kakhulu izinga lokulahlekelwa.
④ Ukungunda okusebenzayo okubandayo okuphantsi kwemithwalo yempembelelo kunye nezithuba ezincinci ze-blade.
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, iimfuno zokusebenza zeentlobo ezintathu zokuqala zentsimbi yokufa ebandayo zixhaphake kakhulu ukuxhathisa, ngoko ke kusetyenziswa intsimbi ephezulu ye-carbon hypereutectoid kunye nentsimbi ye-ledeburite.Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza okubandayo kuyafa, okufana nokusikwa kwenqaba esecaleni kunye nokusikwa kwecala, okunamalungu amancinane eempundu kwaye aphantsi komthwalo wempembelelo xa usetyenziswa, kuyafuneka ukuqina kwempembelelo ephezulu.Ukwenzela ukusombulula oku kuphikisana, la manyathelo alandelayo anokuthathwa:
Ⅰ-ukunciphisa umxholo wekhabhoni kunye nokusebenzisa insimbi ye-hypoeutectoid ukuphepha ukuhla kokuqina kwentsimbi ebangelwa yi-carbides ephambili kunye neyesibini;
Ⅱ-Ukongeza izinto ze-alloy ezifana ne-Si kunye ne-Cr ukuphucula ukuzinza kunye nokushisa kwentsimbi (i-tempering kwi-240-270 ℃) kunenzuzo ekupheliseni ngokupheleleyo uxinzelelo lokucima kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza ngaphandle kokunciphisa ubunzima;
Ⅲ-Yongeza izinto ezifana ne-W ukwenza i-refractory carbides ukucokisa iinkozo kunye nokuphucula ukuqina.Iintsimbi eziqhele ukusetyenziswa kubunzima obuphezulu bokubumba obubandayo bubandakanya i-6SiCr, 4CrW2Si, 5CrW2Si, njl.
3. Iindlela zokuSebenzisa ngokupheleleyo amandla oMsebenzi we-Cold Working Die Steel
Xa usebenzisa i-Cr12 uhlobo lwensimbi okanye i-high-speed steel njengezibungu zokusebenza ezibandayo, ingxaki eveleleyo yi-brittleness ephezulu yentsimbi, ejongene nokuqhekeka ngexesha lokusetyenziswa.Kule njongo, kuyimfuneko ukucokisa i-carbides usebenzisa iindlela ezaneleyo zokubumba.Ukongezelela, amabakala amatsha entsimbi kufuneka aphuhliswe.Ingqwalasela yokuphuhlisa amabakala amatsha ensimbi kufuneka ibe kukunciphisa umxholo wekhabhoni yensimbi kunye nenani lezinto ezenza i-carbides.
Intsimbi ye-Cr4W2MoV ineengenelo ezinje ngokuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana nokunxiba okuphezulu, kunye nokuqina okuhle.Ikwanayo nozinzo oluhle lobushushu kunye neempawu zoomatshini ezibanzi.Isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-silicon steel sheet iyafa, njl.Nangona kunjalo, iqondo lokushisa lokubumba le ntsimbi lincinci, kwaye livame ukuqhekeka ngexesha lokukhwabanisa.Ubushushu bokubumba kunye neenkcukacha zokusebenza kufuneka zilawulwe ngokungqongqo.
Intsimbi ye-Cr2Mn2SiWMoV inobushushu obuphantsi bokucima, i-deformation encinci yokucima, kunye nokuqina okuphezulu.Yaziwa ngokuba yi-air quenched micro deformationintsimbi yokufa.
Intsimbi ye-7W7Cr4MoV ingathatha indawo ye-W18Cr4V kunye nentsimbi ye-Cr12MoV.Uphawu lwayo kukuba ukungafani kwee-carbides kunye nokuqina kwentsimbi kuye kwaphuculwa kakhulu.
Inxalenye2 -Ukusebenza okushushuintsimbi yokufa
1. Iimeko zokusebenza zokubumba ezishushu zokusebenza
Imibumbo eshushu esebenzayo ibandakanya ukubumba kwehamile, ukubumba okutshisayo kwe-extrusion, kunye ne-die-casting molds.Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, uphawu oluphambili lweemeko zokusebenza zokubumba okutshisayo kukudibanisa nentsimbi eshushu, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwiimeko zokusebenza zokubumba ezibandayo zokusebenza.Ke ngoko, iya kuzisa ezi ngxaki zimbini zilandelayo:
(1) Intsimbi engaphezulu yomgodi wokungunda ishushu.Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa i-hammering dies isebenza, iqondo lobushushu bomphezulu we-Die cavity linokufikelela ngaphezu kwe-300-400 ℃, kunye nokufa kwe-extrusion eshushu kunokufikelela ngaphezu kwe-500-800 ℃;Ubushushu bomgodi wokubumba wokufa bunxulumene nohlobo lwezinto ezifayo kunye nobushushu obuthululwayo.Xa i-die-casting black metal, iqondo lobushushu lokungunda linokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-1000 ℃.Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu anjalo aya kunciphisa kakhulu ukuqina komphezulu kunye namandla omgodi wokungunda, okwenza kube lula ukusonga ngexesha lokusetyenziswa.Imfuneko yokusebenza esisiseko kushushuintsimbi yokufakukuxhathisa okuphezulu kwe-thermoplastic, kubandakanywa ubulukhuni obuphezulu kunye namandla, kunye nokumelana okuphezulu kwe-thermoplastic, okubonisa ngokwenene ukuzinza okuphezulu kwentsimbi.Kule nto, indlela yokuqala yokudibanisa intsimbi eshushu yokufa inokufumaneka, oko kukuthi, ukongeza izinto ezixutywayo ezifana ne-Cr, W, Si inokuphucula ukuzinza kwentsimbi.
(2) Ukudinwa kwe-Thermal (ukuqhekeka) kwenzeka kwintsimbi engaphezulu yomgodi wokungunda.Iimpawu zokusebenza zokubumba ezishushu ziphakathi.Emva kokwakhiwa kwentsimbi nganye eshushu, umphezulu womgodi wokungunda kufuneka upholiswe ngamajelo anjengamanzi, ioli kunye nomoya.Ngoko ke, imo yokusebenza ye-mold eshushu ifudumala ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye ipholile, ukwenzela ukuba isinyithi somphezulu we-mold cavity iya kuphinda iphinde iphinde ikhulise i-thermal, oko kukuthi, ngokuphindaphindiweyo iphantsi koxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo.Ngenxa yoko, umphezulu we-mold cavity uya kuqhekeka, okubizwa ngokuba yi-thermal fatigue.Ke ngoko, imfuno yesibini yokusebenza esisiseko kwindawo eshushuintsimbi yokufaibekwe phambili, oko kukuthi, inokumelana nokudinwa okuphezulu kwe-thermal.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela ukuxhathisa ukudinwa kwensimbi zezi:
① I-thermal conductivity yentsimbi.I-conductivity ephezulu ye-thermal yensimbi inokunciphisa iqondo lokushisa kwi-metal surface ye-mold, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ukuthambekela kwentsimbi ukudinwa kwe-thermal.Ngokuqhelekileyo kukholelwa ukuba i-thermal conductivity yensimbi ihambelana nomxholo wayo wekhabhoni.Xa umxholo wekhabhoni uphezulu, i-thermal conductivity iphantsi, ngoko ayifanelekanga ukusebenzisa i-carbon steel ephezulu kumsebenzi oshushu.intsimbi yokufa.Umxholo wekhabhoni ophantsi we-carbon steel medium (C0.3% 5-0.6%) isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimveliso, enokuthi iholele ekunciphiseni ubunzima kunye namandla ensimbi kwaye iphinde ibe yingozi.
② Isiphumo esibalulekileyo sentsimbi.Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-high point point (Acl) yentsimbi, iyancipha i-thermal fatigue tendency.Ngoko ke, inqaku elibalulekileyo lentsimbi linyuka ngokubanzi ngokudibanisa izinto ezixubileyo ze-Cr, W, Si, kunye ne-lead.Ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukuxhathisa ukukhathala kwe-thermal yentsimbi.
2. Intsimbi yokubumba esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo eshushu
(1) Intsimbi yokwenza isando iyafa.Ngokuqhelekileyo, kukho imiba emibini ebalulekileyo ekusetyenzisweni kwentsimbi kwi-hammer forging molds.Okokuqala, ixhomekeke kwimithwalo yempembelelo ngexesha lokusebenza.Ke ngoko, iipropathi zomatshini zetsimbi zifuneka ukuba ziphakame, ngakumbi ukuxhatshazwa kweplastiki kunye nokuqina;Isizathu sesibini kukuba ubukhulu becala le-hammer forging die likhulu kakhulu (<400mm), elifuna ukuqina okuphezulu kwentsimbi ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-microstructure efanayo kunye nokusebenza kwayo yonke into.
Ngokuqhelekileyo i-hammer forging die steels ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka i-5CrNiMo, i-5CrMnMo, i-5CrNiW, i-5CrNiTi, kunye ne-5CrMnMoSiV.Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokubumba kwamehlo ehamile kufuneka zisebenzise izinto ezahlukeneyo.Kwisando esikhulu kakhulu okanye esikhulu sokufa, i-5CrNiMo iyakhethwa.I-5CrNiTi, 5CrNiW, okanye i-5CrMnMoSi nayo ingasetyenziswa.Intsimbi ye-5CrMnMo idla ngokusetyenziselwa ukwenza isando esincinci kunye nesiphakathi.
(2) Intsimbi isetyenziselwa ukubumba okutshisayo, kwaye uphawu lokusebenza lwe-extrusion molds eshushu isantya sokulayisha.Ke ngoko, ubushushu bobushushu bomgodi wokungunda buphezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-500-800 ℃.Iimfuno zokusebenza zolu hlobo lwentsimbi kufuneka zijolise ikakhulu kumandla aphezulu obushushu (oko kukuthi ukuzinza okuphezulu kobushushu) kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu.Iimfuno ze-AK kunye nokuqina kunokwehliswa ngokufanelekileyo.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubukhulu be-mold extrusion eshushu buncinci, kaninzi bungaphantsi kwe-70-90 mm.
Imingundo ye-extrusion esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ibandakanya i-4CrW2Si, 3Cr2W8V, kunye ne-5% Cr uhlobo lomsebenzi oshushuintsimbi yokufas.Phakathi kwabo, i-4CrW2Si inokusetyenziswa njengomsebenzi obandayo womibiniintsimbi yokufakunye nomsebenzi oshushuintsimbi yokufa.Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa okuhlukeneyo, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango lokushisa zingasetyenziswa.Xa usenza imingundo ebandayo, ubushushu obuphantsi bokucima (870-900 ℃) kunye nonyango lobushushu obuphantsi okanye obuphakathi luyasetyenziswa;Xa usenza imingundo eshushu, iqondo lobushushu eliphezulu lokucima (lidla ngokuba yi-950-1000 ℃) kunye nonyango olushushu oluphezulu lusetyenziswa.
(3) Intsimbi yokubumba i-die-casting.Ngokubanzi, iimfuno zokusebenza zentsimbi kwi-mold-casting molds zifana nezo ze-mold extrusion ezitshisayo, kunye nokuzinza okuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokudinwa kwe-thermal yizona mfuno eziphambili.Ngoko uhlobo lwentsimbi olusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo lufana nentsimbi esetyenziselwa ukubumba okutshisayo.Njengesiqhelo, iintsimbi ezifana ne-4CrW2Si kunye ne-3Cr2W8V zisetyenziswa.Nangona kunjalo, kukho iiyantlukwano, ezifana nokusetyenziswa kwe-40Cr, 30CrMnSi, kunye ne-40CrMo kwindawo ephantsi yokunyibilika i-Zn alloy die-casting molds;Kwi-Al kunye ne-Mg i-alloy die-casting molds, i-4CrW2Si, i-4Cr5MoSiV, njl.Kwi-Cu alloy die-casting molds, i-3Cr2W8V yentsimbi isetyenziswa kakhulu.
UbungcaliYifa SithiSumphakeli – Jinbaicheng Metal
JINBAICHENGngumboneleli ohamba phambili kwihlabathiumsebenzi obandayo kunye nomsebenzi oshushuiintsimbi zokufa, iplastikiintsimbi yokufas, iintsimbi zokuphosa isixhobo kunye ne-forgings yesiko elivulekileyo, ukusetyenzwa ngaphezulu100,000 iitoni zentsimbi nyaka ngamnye.Iimveliso zethu zenziwa e3izibonelelo zemveliso kwishandong, jiangsu, kunye nephondo laseGuangdong.Ngamalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza angaphezu kwe-100,JINBAICHENGibeka imigangatho yehlabathi jikelele kuquka ukuba ngumenzi wentsimbi yokuqala kwieTshayinaukufumana isatifikethi se-ISO 9001.Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni:www.sdjbcmetal.com I-imeyile: jinbaichengmetal@gmail.com okanye WhatsApp aphahttps://wa.me/18854809715
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-21-2023